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2024 Proposed Resolutions, Bylaws and Standing Rules

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Proposed Resolutions:

Proposed Constitution and Bylaws:

Proposed Convention Standing Rules:


Resolution 2024-01

The Use of Shapes and Braille for Labeling Products

Submitted by: Paul Edwards

Listen / Download Resolution 2024-01 ON DEMAND

 

Whereas, in an effort to make identification of products more accessible, Procter and Gamble has recently introduced a marking system using lines and shapes; and

Whereas, Procter and Gamble is seeking to have this system considered for industry-wide use; and

Whereas, Procter and Gamble rejected the use of braille for marking and identifying products because they believe only ten percent of people who are blind read braille; and

Whereas, an article published in the Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness clearly indicates that the "ten percent" figure has no basis and should be disregarded; and

Whereas, braille represents the primary medium of

written communication for many people who are blind or have low vision, including many members of ACB; and

Whereas, there is a widely held belief that braille is too difficult to be easily learned and used. However, recognizing a small number of characters does not require full braille literacy, and therefore, complete braille literacy is not required for braille to be used as a means of identifying products; and

Whereas, braille labeling of pharmaceutical products has been required by the European Union for more than a decade;

Now, therefore, be it resolved by the American Council of the Blind in convention assembled virtually, that this organization reaffirm its support for braille and reject the idea that shapes or other tactile markings can, by themselves, constitute an appropriate replacement for braille when marking products or surfaces; and

Be it further resolved that this organization call upon its elected leaders and staff to consult with special-interest affiliates with appropriate expertise such as the Braille Revival League before embracing systems such as that proposed by Procter and Gamble; and

Be it further resolved that, if shapes or other non-braille marking systems are employed, ACB shall recommend the inclusion of braille as well; and

Be it further resolved that this organization appreciates the efforts of Procter and Gamble to encourage accessibility in its product line, and asks that it consider working to incorporate braille as an appropriate tactile symbol in any future marking systems for its products.


Resolution 2024-02

NLS and Spelling of Authors’ Names

Submitted by Paul Edwards

Listen / Download Resolution 2024-02 ON DEMAND

 

Whereas, the National Library Service (NLS) includes spelling the names of authors discussed in the New York Times Book Review; and

Whereas, there are several other NLS-produced magazines in audio format which incorporate book reviews;

Now, therefore, be it resolved by the American Council of the Blind in convention assembled virtually, that this organization and its special-interest affiliate, Library Users of America, request that the NLS extend the policy begun with the New York Times Book Review and apply it to other audio publications where there are book reviews; and

Be it further resolved that this would include at least Bookmarks, Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, Analog, Asimov's, the Atlantic and the New Yorker.


Resolution 2024-03

Creating a Communications Working Group

Submitted by Paul Edwards

Listen / Download Resolution 2024-03 ON DEMAND

 

Whereas, braille constitutes a primary medium of written communication used by people who are blind or have low vision for literacy, marking and labeling, playing games, and learning mathematics, science and music; and

Whereas, audio formats including text-to-speech (TTS) and large print are also primary modes of written communication used by people who are blind or have low vision;

Now, therefore, be it resolved by the American Council of the Blind in convention assembled virtually, that the ACB President shall convene a working group consisting of representatives from at least the following: the Braille Revival League, the Council of Citizens with Low Vision International, Blind Information Technology Specialists, and the ACB Board of Publications, to develop guidelines to be shared with other organizations concerning multiple modes of conveying and disseminating information; and

Be it further resolved that recommendations will be presented to the Board of Directors regarding how the American Council of the Blind will work to assure that braille, large print and text-to-speech are appropriately promoted and defined and used so other entities will be clearly informed regarding the expectations of people who are blind and low vision concerning communication including labeling and education; and

Be it further resolved that this working group will report at the ACB Conference and Convention in 2025.


Resolution 2024-06

Decisions Impacting ACB Members

Submitted by Alice Ritchhart

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Whereas, in our “age of information,” it is a reasonable expectation that when leaders of a member-driven organization make decisions directly impacting the membership, they will do so by first obtaining member input to attempt to make the most informed decisions possible; and

Whereas, this expectation certainly applies in the case of decisions made by the Board of Directors of the American Council of the Blind (ACB); and

Whereas, decisions directly impacting ACB members may include, among others, member benefits, conventions, and ACB channels of communication; and

Whereas, ACB has several methods for obtaining member input, including, but not limited to, ACB community calls, conferring with state and special interest affiliate leaders, conducting surveys, and publications;

Now, therefore, be it resolved by the American Council of the Blind in convention assembled virtually, that this organization direct the ACB Board of Directors to establish a mechanism to inform the membership regarding upcoming Board decisions, collect member input, and disseminate that member input to the Board prior to making decisions.


Resolution 2024-09

Enhancing Employment Opportunities for Individuals Who are Blind or Have Low Vision

Submitted by: ACB Employment Committee

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Whereas, the unemployment rate of people who are blind or have low vision is at least two to three times higher than their non-disabled peers; and

Whereas, a recent survey conducted by the Employment Committee of the American Council of the Blind highlighted a number of discouraged workers who report that due to discrimination, the SSI-SSDI "cliff," technology challenges, and inadequate transportation, they are failing to gain access to jobs for which they are qualified;

Now, therefore, be it resolved by the American Council of the Blind in convention assembled virtually that the American Council of the Blind will increase its focus on employment through strategies such as:

  1. Working collaboratively with successful thought leaders in the employment arena to hold a summit on employment opportunities and challenges impacting people who are blind or have low vision, and using findings from this summit to define an appropriate consumer role for ACB as a chief influencer and leading blindness organization, in order to increase employment opportunities for people who are blind or have low vision; and
  2. Providing information to members on any regulatory or legislative developments related to Social Security reform that might impact work incentives or payments to blind or low vision individuals seeking employment, and reporting on whether any such legislation or regulatory development is feasible as an imperative for ACB; and
  3. Ensuring that the reduction of employment barriers is incorporated into communications related to advocacy initiatives whenever possible and encouraging members to stress employment while communicating with legislators and policymakers; and
  4. Highlighting employment-related activities of ACB affiliates and chapters; and

Be it further resolved that ACB will report on the above activities during its 2025 Conference and Convention.


Resolution 2024-10

NLS Racial, Ethnic, and Cultural Searches

Submitted by Cheryl Cumings on behalf of the ACB Multicultural Affairs Committee

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Whereas, public library patrons are able to search for books by authors of specific racial, ethnic, and cultural backgrounds that explore topics and experiences specific to them in multiple genres; and

Whereas, there is no comparable ability for National Library Service for the Blind and Print Disabled (NLS) patrons to search for books in this manner; and

Whereas, the 2023 Report from the Education Trust and the 2020 Oakland University Study on the Impact of Reading Culturally Relevant Books demonstrates the positive impact of reading books which reflect the reader's ethnic, racial and cultural background; and

Whereas, it is important to encourage reading among NLS patrons by enabling them to easily search and identify books which represent their racial, ethnic and cultural backgrounds, written by authors from those unique perspectives;

Now, therefore, be it resolved by the American Council of the Blind in convention assembled virtually that this organization will ask NLS to identify a process by which library patrons will be able to easily search for books by authors of specific racial, ethnic, and cultural backgrounds, by topic, and by genre; and will also ask NLS to report progress at ACB’s 2025 national convention.


Resolution 2024-11

Promoting Military Dining Facilities

Submitted by Ardis Bazyn on behalf of Randolph-Sheppard Vendors of America (RSVA)

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Whereas, the primary purpose of the Randolph-Sheppard Act is to provide employment opportunities and economic benefits for vendors throughout the United States who are blind or have low vision; and

Whereas, the Randolph-Sheppard Vendors of America (RSVA), an affiliate of the American Council of the Blind, works for the expansion of the Randolph-Sheppard program and for the protection of the interests of blind and low-vision persons engaged in the operation of vending facilities under that program; and

Whereas, as one means of accomplishing these goals, RSVA tracks major decisions across the country affecting the Randolph-Sheppard Program; and

Whereas, state agencies overseeing the Randolph-Sheppard Program provide opportunities for blind and low vision vendors in federal, state, county, and military facilities; and

Whereas, the Department of Defense (DOD) solicits multi-state military dining contract bids; and

Whereas, under these solicitations, DOD requires one entity to be the lead for the entire contract; and

Whereas, under the Randolph-Sheppard Act priority, states have the opportunity to bid against private companies on behalf of their blind and low vision vendors; and

Whereas, state Randolph-Sheppard program administrators are unwilling or unable to bid on multi-state contracts when one state would be the lead entity and others would be subordinate;

Now, therefore, be it resolved by the American Council of the Blind in convention assembled virtually that ACB and RSVA will jointly urge the Department of Defense to work collaboratively with the Department of Education to eliminate any requirement for a lead contractor in multi-state military dining facility contracts in order to expand employment opportunities for blind and low vision individuals in the Randolph-Sheppard Program; and

Be it further resolved that this organization, along with RSVA, will take other actions as necessary to remove this barrier to the employment of blind and low-vision vendors.


Resolution 2024-12

Audio Description for Streaming Services

Submitted by Clark Rachfal on behalf of the ACB Audio Description Project

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Whereas, the American Council of the Blind is the pre-eminent advocacy organization for the creation, distribution, and enjoyment of high-quality audio-described video content; and

Whereas, audio description is audio-narrated descriptions of video programming’s key visual elements inserted into natural pauses in the program; and

Whereas, this organization championed the passage of the Twenty-First Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act of 2010 (CVAA) that codified into law the requirements for the creation and distribution of audio-described video programming by broadcast television providers and multi-channel video program distributors (MVPDs), such as cable and satellite video providers; and

Whereas, this organization’s advocacy and the implementing regulations of the CVAA have resulted in an increase in audio-described video programming on broadcast and cable television; and

Whereas, consumers’ video viewing habits have evolved since 2010, and a continuously growing number of consumers are subscribing to streaming video providers; in 2024, YouTube TV became the fourth largest linear subscription video service in the United States; and

Whereas, this organization continues to receive complaints from consumers of recalcitrant streaming video providers that they are not meeting the accessibility requirements of the CVAA and are not passing through audio-described content made available on broadcast television or by other MVPDs; and

Whereas, on Dec. 19, 2014, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) released a Notice of Proposed Rule Making (NPRM) seeking comment on a proposal to update its rules to better reflect the fact that video services are being provided increasingly over the Internet; however, this rule making was not finalized;

Now, therefore, be it resolved by the American Council of the Blind in convention assembled virtually, that this organization advocate directly with streaming video providers, broadcast and non-broadcast networks, to pass through existing audio-described content as is already done with broadcast and cable television so that people who are blind or have low vision are not left behind through this technological transition; and

Be it further resolved that this organization work with the FCC to use its existing authority to refresh the record and ensure that the definition of multi-channel video programming distributor is updated and that all video programmers, regardless of the underlying technology used, are subject to the accessibility requirements of the CVAA, including the pass-through of audio-described content; and,

Be it further resolved that this organization work toward the swift passage of the Communications, Video, and Technology Accessibility Act to expand the amount of audio-described content available for consumers, regardless of how they choose to consume it. 


Resolution 2024-13

Accessibility of NextGen TV 

Submitted by Carl Richardson and Timothy Wynn on behalf of the ACB Audio description Program

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Whereas, the American Council of the Blind is a leader in advocating for accessible television and entertainment for all blind, low vision, and deaf-blind viewers; and

Whereas, NextGen TV, also known as ATSC 3.0, is an emerging standard for over-the-air broadcast television, has launched in over 70 markets, and is currently available to 75% of Nielsen households in the U.S.; and

Whereas, this organization championed the passage of the Twenty-First Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act of 2010 (CVAA) that codified into law the restoration of audio description of television programming, aural representation of emergency information, and accessibility of video programming playback and recording devices; and

Whereas, Next Gen TV has the potential to benefit viewers who are blind, low vision, deaf-blind, deaf, and hard of hearing as it supports various accessibility advances including worldwide closed caption technology, audio services including audio description service and dialog enhancement, and advanced emergency alerting capabilities; and

Whereas, television broadcast stations have traditionally limited the secondary audio stream to just one service, which can be a disadvantage to those with diverse linguistic and accessibility needs; and

Whereas, unless extended for a third time, the current digital television standard, also known as ATSC 1.0, will sunset on July 17, 2027;

Now, therefore, be it resolved by the American Council of the Blind in convention assembled virtually, that his organization, in conjunction with other disability-related organizations, will advocate directly with the Advanced Television Standards Committee (ATSC), the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), and industry stakeholders to ensure: pass through of all provided secondary audio streams regardless of technology; implementation of enhanced accessibility features according to universal design principles; and extending the overall accessibility of televisions, set-top box, and other modern viewing platforms.


Resolution 2024-14

Making ADA Paratransit More Equitable

Submitted by the California Council of the Blind and Others

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Whereas, Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires state and local governments which operate fixed-route public transit services (hereafter “transit agencies”) to provide “complimentary paratransit” for individuals who are unable, because of a disability, to independently use fixed-route transit services; and

Whereas, the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) requires that paratransit services meet specific minimum Regulatory criteria (49 C.F.R. Part 37), including: service area, days and hours of service, reservations requirements, trip limits and priorities, and allowable fares; and

Whereas, as a result of the federal ADA regulations adopted pursuant to the limited core goal of ADA paratransit, these services are, more often than not, expensive, unreliable, and fail to enable people with disabilities to get where they need to go when they need to get there; and

Whereas, the ADA also expressly permits transit agencies to provide additional services or a greater level of service than is required by the ADA’s paratransit minimum mandate; and

Whereas, many people with disabilities, including people who are blind or have low vision, depend on paratransit services for access to education, employment, healthcare, shopping, worship, visits with family and friends, and other activities; and

Whereas, transit agencies unfortunately are currently permitted by regulations to require  paratransit riders to book trips a day in advance, negotiate pick-up times by up to an hour before or after the time they need or wish to travel, wait for extended periods of time in order to receive trip confirmation, travel for extended periods of time (which can sometimes exceed several hours), and pay up to twice as much as the same trip would cost on the transit agency’s fixed-route transit network; and

Whereas, these unfortunate and unnecessary characteristics of paratransit often harm riders with disabilities by causing them to spend more time and money on transportation than other transit riders, arrive late to work and appointments, which has sometimes cost paratransit riders their jobs and/or access to healthcare appointments, educational and training opportunities, and otherwise seriously undermine the ADA’s promise to “assure equality of opportunity, full participation, independent living, and economic self-sufficiency ...” for individuals with disabilities; and

Whereas, when judged by today’s standards, many of the policies set forth in current paratransit regulations, are objectively unequal to the level of service that transit agencies provide for people without disabilities and are, therefore, inequitable; and

Whereas, a growing number of transit agencies are taking steps to make their ADA paratransit services more equitable by aligning paratransit fares with fixed-route transit fares, by implementing same day paratransit for at least some trips, and by updating policies, practices, and service models based on the growing power of an array of transit-related technologies, including accessible mobile apps, real-time vehicle tracking, and rideshare services;

Now, therefore, be it resolved by the American Council of the blind in convention assembled virtually, that this organization affirm its belief that the time has come to address the inequities that are embedded within the current ADA regulations set forth in 49 CFR Part 37 and to begin the process of making a paradigm shift such that the purpose of paratransit service will be to allow persons with disabilities to get where they need to go when they need to get there; and

Be it further resolved that this organization direct ACB’s leadership to call upon and join with other organizations of and for people with disabilities to develop proposed national standards for paratransit service to provide for just, equitable timely and efficient service for riders with disabilities and to collectively advocate for their adoption by the U.S. DOT; and

Be it further resolved that, if the ACB Board of Directors concludes that circumstances justify ACB advocating primarily or solely on its own, the Board shall consider other advocacy options to carry out this resolution; and

Be it further resolved that the Executive Director and/or President provide a report at the next annual ACB Conference and Convention regarding progress on this resolution.


Resolution 2024-15

QR & Bar Code Accessibility

Submitted by Kim Charlson

Listen / Download Resolution 2024-15 ON DEMAND

 

Whereas, QR codes and barcodes are gaining traction as one of the most common ways to provide consumer information and engagement beyond what has previously been possible; and

Whereas, because of their increasing use across packaging and non-packaging touchpoints, many different non-standard QR and barcode options are being introduced by various companies, public entities and individuals; and

Whereas, individuals who are blind or have low vision are unable to use, or are having difficulty using and identifying products on store shelves independently, or reading specific product information; and

Whereas, new 2D QR and barcode technologies presently under consideration by GS1, an international organization representing major manufacturing companies, has responded to increasing industry pressure to update current standards to provide more product and consumer engagement information (including QR and barcode data) and to leverage key product identifiers such as GT9 and product serial numbers; and

Whereas, the 1D standard includes specific language regarding disability access; and

Whereas, the proposed GS1 2D barcode/QR code guideline/standard scheduled for adoption and rollout in 2027 does not currently include disability access language; and

Whereas, the absence of such disability access language could result in QR and barcodes being inaccessible and unusable by people who are blind or have low vision;

Now, therefore, be it resolved by the American Council of the Blind in convention assembled virtually that the American Council of the Blind call upon GS1, and any other international standard-setting bodies, to incorporate accessibility compliance requirements into any future QR and barcode standards; and

Be it further resolved that ACB seek the support and collaboration of the World Blind Union to move this issue forward in the international space.


 

Proposals for 2024 Constitution and Bylaws

Proposal 2024-01 (editorial):

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To change all instances of "ACB Radio" to "ACB Media" to reflect its current designation. These two references occur in Article V, paragraph C, and bylaw 6L as follows:

Current language:

Article V, Publications Board:

Section C. It shall be the duty of the Board of Publications to approve or disapprove employment by the executive director of the editor of “The ACB Braille Forum” and to establish editorial standards and policies applicable to all American Council of the Blind communication formats including, but not limited to, periodicals, the ACB conference and convention programs and ACB brochures, the ACB web site, and ACB Radio.

Bylaw 6, Committees:

Section L. Public Relations Committee:

In addition, the committee shall have three (3) ex-officio members who shall not have the right to vote. These shall be the executive director of the American Council of the Blind or his/her designee; the webmaster of the American Council of the Blind; and the director of ACB Radio. 


Proposal 2024-02:

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Conforming constitutional amendment required to align Article XI with the language and intent of Bylaw 6D as passed last year, requiring that constitutional and/or bylaw proposals be submitted sixty (60) days before the opening of convention.

Current language:

Article XI, Amendments:

This constitution and bylaws may be amended at any regular conference and convention of ACB provided such proposed amendment has been presented in writing to the Constitution and Bylaws Committee before the end of the first day following the day of the roll call meeting of the conference and convention.

Proposed language:

This constitution and bylaws may be amended at any regular conference and convention of ACB provided such proposed amendment has been presented to the committee in accordance with the requirements set forth in the bylaws.


Proposal 2024-03:

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Replacing "voice vote" with "rising vote" and amending the requirements for a record vote

Current Language:

Article III, Membership, Voting and Dues:

Section C. Voting: Each certified member of this organization shall be entitled to one (1) vote at any annual or special meeting, provided that the person was a certified member as of the established record date of such meeting, which shall be thirty (30) days before such meeting, or in the case of the annual conference and convention, the opening session. In addition, official delegates from affiliates shall cast the number of votes to which their organization is entitled as provided in the Bylaws. Voting on all issues at any meeting shall be conducted in one (1) of two (2) ways: voice vote or record vote. For voice votes, “in person” attendees shall vote via oral ayes and nays; virtual attendees shall cast votes by any protocol provided for by the adopted remote meeting platform or client program. A record vote shall be composed of two (2) distinct components: a secret ballot vote conducted in the manner prescribed in the bylaws, and a roll call of affiliates by which official affiliate delegates shall announce the votes of their respective organizations. If a voice vote on any issue, in the opinion of the presiding officer, is too close to determine the result, the presiding officer shall have the discretion to order a record vote on the issue. Contested elections and the disposition of main motions on proposed constitutional and/or bylaw amendments must be conducted via record vote. A record vote on any issue shall also be ordered by the presiding officer if any twenty-five (25) certified voting members identify themselves either from the floor of the conference and convention or via the adopted remote meeting platform or client program and request a record vote.

Proposed Revision:

C. Voting:

1. Each certified member of this organization shall be entitled to one (1) vote at any annual or special meeting, provided that the person was a certified member as of the established record date of such meeting, which shall be thirty (30) days before such meeting, and in the case of the annual conference and convention, the opening session. In the case of record votes, official delegates from affiliates shall cast the number of votes to which their organizations are entitled as provided for in the Bylaws.

2. Voting on all issues at any meeting shall be conducted in one (1) of two (2) ways: rising counted vote or record vote. For rising counted votes, “in person” attendees shall stand or raise their hands to indicate their vote; virtual attendees shall cast votes by any protocol provided for by the adopted remote meeting platform or client program. A record vote shall be composed of two (2) distinct components: a secret ballot vote conducted in the manner prescribed in the bylaws, and a roll call of affiliates by which official affiliate delegates shall announce the votes of their respective organizations.

3. Contested elections and the disposition of main motions on proposed constitutional and/or bylaw amendments must be conducted via record vote.  In all other cases, record votes shall only be in order: (1), if the margin between the prevailing side and losing side of a rising counted vote is less than twenty (20) percent, and twenty-five (25) percent or more of those voting on the losing side request it, or, (2),  if, in the judgement of the presiding officer, any uncertainty in the above-stated margin is sufficient to warrant it.

Discussion

The committee considers that with the hybrid convention format and consequent need to integrate vote counts from both the floor of the convention and Zoom, the continued use of voice votes is untenable. The term "rising vote" is used in proposed Article III(C)(2) as that is the recognized term to indicate a counted vote according to Robert's Rules of Order, Newly Revised, 12th Edition. The committee also considers that the altered requirements applicable to record votes as proposed in Article III(C)(3) are necessary due to the time constraints imposed by the hybrid convention format.


Proposal 2024-04:

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Removing the phrase "or their designee, (which designee shall have signed the confidentiality agreement applicable to all board members)," from Constitution articles IV(H) and VI(C)

Current language:

Article IV, Officers:

Section H. The president may call a special meeting of the Board of Directors at any time and shall call a special meeting of the Board upon the request of at least five (5) members of the Board. Notice of the special meeting shall be sent to each board member or their designee, (which designee shall have signed the confidentiality agreement applicable to all board members), via written electronic communication at least seven (7) days prior to the meeting date. The time, the location, and the specific purpose of the meeting shall be included in the notice.

Article VI, Powers and Duties of the Conference and Convention, the Officers, the Board of Directors and Committees:

Section C. ... The Executive Committee shall meet at the call of the president, or upon the written request of three (3) of its members. Such request shall be sent to each board member or their designee, (which designee shall have signed the confidentiality agreement applicable to all board members), via any means of written electronic communication at least five (5) calendar days prior to the proposed meeting date.

Proposed language:

Article IV, Officers:

Section H. The president may call a special meeting of the Board of Directors at any time and shall call a special meeting of the Board upon the request of at least five (5) members of the Board. Notice of the special meeting shall be sent to each board member via written electronic communication at least seven (7) days prior to the meeting date. The time, the location, and the specific purpose of the meeting shall be included in the notice.

Article VI, Powers and Duties of the Conference and Convention, the Officers, the Board of Directors and Committees:

Section C. ... The Executive Committee shall meet at the call of the president, or upon the written request of three (3) of its members. Such request shall be sent to each board member via any means of written electronic communication at least five (5) calendar days prior to the proposed meeting date.

Explanation

After careful deliberation and consultation, and being fully mindful of the considerations which motivated the passage of the cited language on the floor of the 2022 convention, the committee feels that matters coming within the purview of the above-reference provisions are best addressed on a "case by case" basis in accordance with ACB's "reasonable accommodation" policy.


 

Proposed Convention Standing Rules

ACB 2024 Standing Rules

Adopted by the ACB Board of Directors, April 30, 2024

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Preamble

The Standing Rules for debate and voting at the ACB Conference and Convention are updated yearly and are designed to promote the fairest process for debate and the most efficient use of members' time during the General Sessions.  Great effort is expended to publish the Election materials of candidates, proposed Resolutions, and proposed Amendments to the ACB Constitution and Bylaws well in advance of the General Sessions at which they will be acted upon.  Zoom sessions are scheduled for answering questions and discussion of items up for voting during the convention sessions.  Notice to members of the dates, times, and approximate content for each Zoom meeting are broadcasted via various media.  These sessions are a great place to have your questions answered and suggest amended language for the item under discussion.  In the interest of an informed electorate and an efficient use of all of our time at the Convention, it is strongly encouraged that members familiarize themselves with the issues under discussion, either by attending or listening to the recordings of the discussion sessions.

1. 

A. At the outset of debate on any issue before the convention, there shall be a period not to exceed ten (10) minutes devoted exclusively to questions and other points of clarification about the issue being debated. Speakers shall be limited to one minute, with no more than five speakers recognized, and a speaker shall be limited to asking about their point of clarification and shall not discuss the merits of the issue.

B. Debate on the merits of the issue shall begin at the conclusion of the ten-minute period for points of clarification. When the initial debate period begins, in the case of a resolution, the maker of that resolution shall be given an opportunity to address the assembly on the merits of the resolution.

C. Each debatable issue before the convention shall be limited to approximately twenty (20) minutes with a two-minute time limit per speaker, alternating between supporting speakers, including the maker of the resolution if they speak pursuant to subsection (b), and opposing speakers, unless a majority of the members agree to extend debate for an additional period of time. A member who does not seek recognition for purposes of debate at the beginning of a debate period shall not be eligible for debate during that debate period. The chair shall, during any debate period, immediately close debate when an equal number of speakers, have debated each side and no additional speakers have sought the floor.

D. Speakers shall not be recognized for purposes of seeking points of clarification during a debate period. Each member is respectfully urged to speak directly to the issue before the assembly and avoid unnecessary and time-consuming dialogue. No member will be recognized a second time to debate until all who wish to debate have been recognized.

E. Motions to close debate will not be recognized by the chair during the first debate period. After the first debate period, properly moved motions such as “I call for the question” or “I move the previous question” will be handled by the chair and voted on by the assembly.

F. At the beginning of the first 20-minute debate period, the chair shall define for the body what constitutes a point of order (or other parliamentary inquiry) and shall signify how a member can be recognized for the purpose of making a point of order (or other parliamentary inquiry). Any time in which a point of order is being considered shall not be deducted from the debate period.

2. 

A. Except as provided in subsection (b), an amendment to a resolution or constitution or bylaw amendment may not be offered on the floor unless; 1. in the case of a resolution, the language for the proposed amendment has been provided to the chair of the Resolutions Committee prior to the opening of the session in which that resolution is scheduled to be debated, and 2.  In the case of an amendment to a constitution or bylaw amendment, the language for the proposed amendment has been provided to the chair of the Constitution and Bylaws Committee prior to the opening of the session in which that constitution or bylaw amendment is scheduled to be debated.

B. Notwithstanding subsection (A), if, in the opinion of the convention chair, the amendment being proposed is non-substantive or clarifying in nature, the amendment may be proposed and adopted by unanimous consent.

C. Voting on an amendment to a proposed Resolution or Constitution or Bylaw Amendment shall occur by standing vote only. It shall not, therefore, be in order to seek a record vote on such an amendment.

 

3. The parliamentarian will act as timekeeper.

 

4. Recognition to speak will be given to those members who properly address the chair either using the “raise hand” feature of the Zoom internet meeting client program or while standing at a microphone in the convention hall and giving their names and affiliation.

 

5. Nominating and seconding speeches shall be limited to five minutes per candidate with the speaking time allocated according to the candidate's wishes. A person nominated for an office more than once shall be limited to one minute.

 

6. When no candidate for office receives a majority vote, the election shall be between the top two candidates. Affiliate votes will be reported in whole or half numbers. In all uncontested elections as verified after three calls for additional nominations, the chair may declare the candidate elected by acclamation. “Write in” candidacies are not permitted.

7. 

A. Once a voice vote has been taken on a resolution, in accordance with Section C of Article III of the American Council of the Blind Constitution, and the chair has announced the result of that vote, the chair shall ask whether anyone voting in the minority objects to the vote, except that, if less than twenty-five (25) members have voted in the minority, the chair may immediately determine that no record vote is required. If at least twenty-five (25) members voting in the minority using the “raise hand” feature of the Zoom internet meeting client program or, if in the convention hall, by standing or using raised hands, object to the result, then a record vote on the resolution shall be required.

B. After debate has ceased on a resolution and it is subsequently determined that a record vote is required, no further amendments may be proposed.